Biography of Munshi Premchand
Novelist Samrat Premchand was born in 1880 AD in a poor family in a village named Lamhi in Varanasi district. His mother's name was Anandi Devi and his father's name was Munshi Ajaib Lal. Premchand's original name was Dhanpat Rai and his household name was 'Nawab'. His father was a postal clerk by profession. His mother died when he was eight and his father died when he was fourteen. There was a lot of poverty in the house and due to the shock of father's death, all the troubles of the house were broken. Soon the worries about food took over. By taking tuition, he passed the matriculation examination. She was married at an early age in 1907 to a man who was not a secretary. The second marriage was with Shivrani Devi.
While working as a teacher, he did F. A. And B. A. passed to. After being promoted from teacher, he became Sub Deputy Inspector in the Education Department. When Gandhiji sounded the trumpet of resignation from a government job, Premchand also immediately resigned after hearing it. After that, he taught at Marwari School of Kanpur for some days and then was appointed head teacher in 'Kashi Vidyapeeth'. After this, he edited many newspapers and magazines and opened a press in Kashi. In 1934-35 AD, you got a job in a film company in Mumbai at an annual salary of eight thousand rupees. He died in his village in Kashi in 1936 AD due to ascites.
Literary Introduction of Munshi Premchandra
Premchand Ji had an innate talent for literary creation. Initially, he used to write stories and novels in the Urdu language under the name 'Nawab Rai'. His revolutionary work named 'Soje Watan' created such a stir in the freedom struggle that the British government confiscated his work. Later, he took up the practice of Hindi literature under the name 'Premchand' and wrote about a dozen novels and three hundred stories. Apart from this, he edited the magazines 'Madhuri' and 'Maryada' and published newspapers named 'Hans' and 'Jagran'. By speaking about the people in the language of the people and by presenting him as a true friend of the then lower and middle class through his fiction, Premchand ji entered the hearts of Indians. In the true sense, this great storyteller, a 'soldier of the pen' and a singer of the sorrows and pains of the people, was honored with the title of 'Novel Emperor' in the Indian literary world.
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Creations of Munshi Premchandra
The following creations of Premchand ji are noteworthy-
(1) Novels- 'Karmabhoomi', 'Kayakalp', 'Nirmala', 'Pratigya', 'Premashram', 'Vardaan', 'Sevasadan', 'Rangbhoomi', 'Gaban', 'Godaan', 'Mangalsutra' (incomplete ).
(2) Drama- 'Karbala', 'Prem Ki Vedi', 'Sangram' and 'Ruthi Rani'.
(3) Biography- 'Kalam', 'Sword and Sacrifice', 'Durgadas', 'Mahatma Shekhsadi' and 'Ram Charcha'.
(4) Essay collection- 'Some thoughts'.
(5) Edited- 'Galpa Ratna' and 'Galpa-Samuccaya'.
(6) Translated- 'Ego', 'Sadasukh', 'Azad-Katha', 'Silver Box', 'Tolstoy's Stories' and 'Beginning of Creation'.
(7) Story collection-
- 'Sapta Saroj',
- 'Navnidhi',
- 'Prem Purnima',
- 'Prem Pachisi',
- 'Love Statue',
- 'Prem Dwadashi',
- 'Summer-Travel',
- 'Mansarovar',
- 'Shroud'.
(8) Stories- Salt Inspector, The World's Most Precious Ratan, Daughter of a Big House, Pariksha, Panch Parmeshwar, sawa Seer Wheat, Old Aunt, Algyojha, Pus Ki Raat, Sadgati, Kafan, Tale of Two Bulls, Gulli Danda, Idgah, etc.
(9) Editing- Jagran, Hans, Maryada, Madhuri.
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Language style of Munshi Premchandra
There are two forms of Premchand ji's language - one form is the one in which words similar to Sanskrit predominate and the other form is the one in which practical words from Urdu, Sanskrit, and Hindi have been used. This language is more lively, practical, and fluid. His language is natural, simple, practical, flowing, idiomatic and effective. Premchand was adept at changing the style according to the subject and emotions. He has mainly used five styles in his literature-
- Descriptive,
- critical,
- Psychologist,
- Humorous style and
- Emotional style.